Fruit fly, whole brain (FlyWire)

The complete adult female fly brain: about 139,000 neurons and 54 million synapses, reconstructed from electron microscopy by the FlyWire consortium. Runs on the local runner.

Local runnerFlyWire connectome v783 with Schlegel et al. 2024 annotations

See it in an experiment

Every neuron of Fruit fly, whole brain (FlyWire) at its measured position, seen from the front — Every neuron at its measured FlyWire position, seen from the front, coloured by class.

138,639

neurons

8,840

cell types

15,091,983

chemical pairs

gap junction pairs

54,492,922

synapses

Who talks to whom

Synapses between neuron classes. Cells show the share of the sending class's output.

Neuron classes

How the system divides its neurons.

sensory16,352

optic77,530

visual projection8,038

central32,903

descending1,299

ascending2,317

motor110

other90

Transmitters

Green excites, blue inhibits, grey is modulatory or unknown in this model.

ACH86,025

GLUT24,858

GABA19,147

DA5,905

SER2,201

unknown293

OCT210

Cell types

Sorted by total synapses. Use these names in the lab.

Cell type	Class	Transmitter	Neurons	Synapses in	Synapses out
Mi1	optic	ACH	1,584	472,024	1,416,839
Tm1	optic	ACH	1,555	500,171	1,123,577
Tm3	optic	ACH	1,756	397,779	769,315
Tm2	optic	ACH	1,551	417,512	689,693
L2	optic	ACH	1,697	341,014	765,912
L5	optic	ACH	1,576	352,749	598,510
Tm4	optic	ACH	1,491	382,422	564,158
Mi4	optic	GABA	1,532	391,639	514,380
T2a	optic	ACH	1,772	405,598	499,436
T2	optic	ACH	1,466	485,705	377,728
TmY5a	optic	GLUT	1,175	466,804	388,947
Mi9	optic	GLUT	1,553	345,842	469,992
T3	optic	ACH	1,675	383,791	356,794
KCg-m	central	DA	2,189	392,258	329,604
Y3	optic	ACH	603	342,848	376,451
KCab	central	DA	1,643	342,348	353,978
L1	optic	GLUT	1,591	181,109	428,068
Pm03	optic	GABA	191	384,896	178,163
C3	optic	GABA	1,530	195,052	367,161
Pm08	optic	GABA	117	291,938	230,832
TmY3	optic	ACH	736	342,724	179,982
Tm21	optic	ACH	1,296	317,635	183,411
TmY14	visual projection	GLUT	370	391,530	108,530
Tm20	optic	ACH	1,496	216,999	271,740
Pm05	optic	GABA	148	323,779	160,741
T5a	optic	ACH	1,484	231,405	246,580
T4a	optic	ACH	1,462	232,321	239,904
T5c	optic	ACH	1,541	223,931	243,768
T4c	optic	ACH	1,706	219,389	243,738
T5b	optic	ACH	1,513	212,646	223,879
L3	optic	ACH	1,442	112,004	318,158
LC17	visual projection	ACH	276	280,941	148,105
T4b	optic	ACH	1,500	207,242	218,839
Dm2	optic	ACH	1,221	172,569	252,744
LMa5	optic	GLUT	79	288,656	136,178
Tm5f	optic	ACH	803	194,541	214,805
TmY15	optic	GABA	257	216,840	180,983
Tm9	optic	ACH	1,522	133,814	248,281
T5d	optic	ACH	1,467	199,181	179,413
Tm27	optic	ACH	1,135	230,301	145,193
T4d	optic	ACH	1,573	190,706	175,093
TmY31	optic	ACH	317	125,327	236,369
Pm01	optic	GABA	244	244,085	114,118
Pm09	optic	GABA	73	191,592	161,337
CT1	optic	GABA	2	138,348	198,495
LC11	visual projection	ACH	127	218,439	114,892
TmY11	optic	ACH	375	148,140	166,791
Tm16	optic	ACH	344	108,799	206,034
Tm25	optic	ACH	723	179,509	134,841
LPLC1	visual projection	ACH	140	237,385	67,585
LMa2	optic	GABA	37	157,700	146,092
Pm02	optic	GABA	181	201,342	99,838
Pm04	optic	GABA	82	152,592	123,687
Li10	optic	GLUT	186	187,962	87,651
LC12	visual projection	ACH	380	126,556	147,790
C2	optic	GABA	1,416	135,239	138,788
LPLC2	visual projection	ACH	210	186,982	84,760
Tm5c	optic	GLUT	618	82,258	186,646
unknown	ascending	ACH	1,492	132,540	131,691
Mi10	optic	ACH	406	86,988	175,131
Tm5e	optic	GLUT	506	107,842	152,417
LPLC4	visual projection	ACH	110	169,683	88,160
TmY10	optic	ACH	449	91,498	164,444
R1-6	sensory	ACH	7,932	26,472	226,881
TmY4	optic	ACH	432	131,134	118,564
Dm10	optic	GABA	503	166,649	81,548
Li17	optic	GABA	89	143,462	101,577
T1	optic	ACH	1,397	228,933	15,565
APL	central	GABA	2	132,112	110,784
TmY9q__perp	optic	ACH	376	119,272	121,152
Dm6	optic	GABA	63	110,534	122,173
lLN1_bc	central	DA	30	111,760	112,184
Mi13	optic	GABA	716	83,932	137,386
LMa4	optic	GABA	67	124,623	95,670
Tm7	optic	ACH	485	102,657	116,436
TmY9q	optic	ACH	358	108,207	110,670
Mi15	optic	ACH	984	86,027	132,768
Pm10	optic	GABA	46	110,341	101,738
TmY16	optic	GABA	150	134,614	77,310
Dm12	optic	GABA	216	98,591	109,924
Y11	optic	GLUT	131	109,683	98,481
Tm8a	optic	ACH	234	76,176	128,462
L4	optic	ACH	1,378	38,858	162,850
Mi2	optic	GLUT	846	97,368	102,669
LC9	visual projection	ACH	179	99,834	96,223
Dm15	optic	GLUT	399	65,197	130,264
Y1	optic	GLUT	166	91,486	97,816
Li06	optic	ACH	196	127,868	60,820
LC21	visual projection	ACH	130	105,797	81,981
MeTu1	visual projection	ACH	244	116,271	69,257
Tm5b	optic	ACH	447	84,288	100,012
Lawf1	optic	ACH	345	132,977	51,056
LC18	visual projection	ACH	188	79,986	103,642
LLPC1	visual projection	ACH	219	103,629	76,354
Lawf2	optic	ACH	321	94,813	81,852
Sm07	optic	GABA	318	83,680	92,899
Y12	optic	GLUT	205	80,567	95,377
Dm3p	optic	GLUT	1,006	117,428	56,767
TmY20	optic	ACH	283	89,153	83,447
Dm1	optic	GABA	73	70,414	100,620
Li33	optic	GABA	2	75,501	95,013
Dm3q	optic	GLUT	901	111,208	57,468
LC4	visual projection	ACH	104	134,023	33,644
Dm3v	optic	GLUT	641	106,961	55,195
LPi14	optic	GABA	4	96,996	63,158
Tlp1	optic	GLUT	139	79,087	80,901
Dm20	optic	GABA	95	77,701	78,472
Tlp4	optic	GLUT	94	83,277	69,651
LC10a	visual projection	ACH	234	76,755	76,089
LLPt	optic	GABA	68	78,366	74,378
Dm13	optic	GABA	49	77,761	73,313
LPi15	optic	GABA	2	88,452	62,275
Tm5a	optic	ACH	451	60,292	90,017
Tm5d	optic	GLUT	339	74,040	75,229
LC10d	visual projection	ACH	188	83,100	66,094
Li05	optic	ACH	165	76,002	70,278
LPi09	optic	GABA	114	98,226	47,406
yDm8	optic	GLUT	379	67,752	74,106
KCapbp-m	central	DA	338	56,888	84,796
Mi14	optic	GLUT	252	79,854	58,356
LC15	visual projection	ACH	106	69,232	66,719
LLPC3	visual projection	ACH	204	75,313	60,479
Dm19	optic	GABA	27	66,921	65,141
LPC1	visual projection	ACH	164	73,752	57,840
pDm8	optic	GLUT	393	67,246	64,304
LC16	visual projection	ACH	151	73,415	57,938
LMt2	optic	GLUT	56	75,696	55,561
lLN2F_b	central	GABA	4	52,326	78,882
Tlp14	optic	GLUT	56	74,395	55,580
LMa1	optic	GLUT	56	75,833	53,597
Pm06	optic	GABA	51	65,243	63,512
Dm4	optic	GLUT	77	32,233	96,056
LMa3	optic	GABA	35	90,406	37,821
Tm36	optic	ACH	281	57,649	69,327
cL21	central	GABA	4	41,067	85,864
Y4	optic	GLUT	164	50,365	75,344
LLPC2	visual projection	ACH	235	78,669	44,017
Am1	optic	GABA	2	65,187	57,264
LPi11	optic	GABA	55	66,982	53,440
Dm18	optic	GABA	49	72,600	47,482
LC13	visual projection	ACH	145	73,231	46,388
Li21	optic	GABA	18	71,878	46,830
LPi07	optic	GABA	95	75,310	42,989
LPi10	optic	GLUT	42	65,110	52,864
Pm07	optic	GABA	41	53,939	60,550
KCapbp-ap2	central	DA	298	41,982	70,489
EPG	central	ACH	47	64,970	47,203
Li32	optic	GABA	2	61,081	47,718
DPM	central	DA	2	92,468	15,716
Pm14	optic	GABA	4	64,202	43,713
Sm32	optic	GABA	60	55,776	51,698
Pm12	optic	GABA	4	69,232	37,565
Dm17	optic	GLUT	8	43,036	63,641
OA-AL2b2	central	ACH	4	16,971	89,368
KCapbp-ap1	central	DA	280	37,144	68,627
Dm9	optic	ACH	204	57,718	47,898
LC6	visual projection	ACH	125	63,365	41,574
Pm11	optic	GABA	33	61,022	42,674
MLt1	optic	ACH	95	28,267	75,069
Li13	optic	GABA	67	40,264	61,262
Li30	optic	ACH	2	60,033	39,162
Lai	optic	GABA	311	82,486	16,291
Tm35	optic	GLUT	118	44,049	54,236
Sm08	optic	GABA	166	49,712	48,224
Tm33	optic	GLUT	116	66,413	31,274
Sm42	optic	GABA	2	47,754	49,420
LC22	visual projection	ACH	89	59,082	37,618
Sm09	optic	GLUT	162	50,999	44,959
MeMe_e08	visual projection	GLUT	12	52,470	43,311
MLt3	optic	ACH	108	50,176	45,316
LT51	visual projection	GLUT	22	61,093	33,729
Tm37	optic	ACH	237	54,593	39,086
Li12	optic	GLUT	42	60,869	32,768
LMt1	optic	GLUT	49	50,602	42,966
MeMe_e07	visual projection	GLUT	10	39,420	51,086
LT52	visual projection	GLUT	31	54,812	35,101
Li16	optic	GABA	36	44,171	45,048
MTe01b	visual projection	ACH	48	54,991	33,955
LPi13	optic	GABA	2	39,411	48,477
Sm06	optic	GABA	157	56,277	30,963
Sm12	optic	GABA	148	47,342	39,486
PVLP011	central	GABA	2	46,641	38,915
BM_InOm	sensory	ACH	1,113	25,854	59,091
Sm15	optic	GLUT	116	42,408	41,637
Li18	optic	GABA	32	34,433	49,056
LPi05	optic	GLUT	78	53,035	29,855
Li28	optic	GLUT	4	46,052	35,297
Sm02	optic	ACH	389	41,987	39,225
Li01	optic	GLUT	167	55,180	24,811
LC10b	visual projection	ACH	84	59,222	20,644
LPC2	visual projection	ACH	116	48,120	30,693
Li31	optic	GABA	2	42,229	35,269
AVLP080	central	GABA	2	41,797	35,411
LMt3	optic	GLUT	35	33,840	43,260
Li15	optic	GABA	32	50,145	26,696
KCg-d	central	DA	295	39,001	37,751
Li24	optic	GABA	10	40,699	35,299
lLN2F_a	central	GABA	4	41,165	34,782
Tm8b	optic	ACH	126	40,047	35,755
lLN2X12	central	ACH	13	35,251	39,442
hDeltaB	central	ACH	18	27,926	46,433
Tlp5	optic	GLUT	55	36,278	37,440
Dm14	optic	GLUT	28	26,532	46,813
AVLP079	central	GABA	2	45,606	27,263
MeMe_e13	optic	ACH	2	29,582	42,035
Sm40	optic	GABA	4	40,817	30,759
LC14a1	optic	ACH	30	33,234	38,153
Li02	optic	ACH	93	42,481	28,561
Li26	optic	GABA	8	42,258	28,069
AVLP016	central	GLUT	2	45,870	23,483
MeTu3c	visual projection	ACH	152	42,125	27,032
PVLP097	central	GABA	14	40,500	28,605
Li27	optic	GLUT	4	42,600	26,369
R7	sensory	GLUT	1,336	21,935	46,640
Tm32	optic	GLUT	166	34,092	33,831
Li11	optic	GABA	62	34,625	32,547
Tm31	optic	GABA	106	33,218	33,692
KCab-p	central	DA	128	30,900	35,955
DP1m_adPN	central	ACH	2	22,891	43,762
LC10c-1	visual projection	ACH	102	42,837	23,656
Sm41	optic	GABA	2	42,526	23,732
ER2	central	GABA	43	30,373	35,704
cM15	central	ACH	2	11,255	53,847
LC10c-2	visual projection	ACH	101	36,994	28,029
AVLP082	central	GABA	2	37,796	27,188
lLN2P_b	central	GABA	12	36,893	27,576
PVLP004,PVLP005	central	GLUT	30	33,253	31,114
lLN2T_b	central	SER	4	37,356	27,002
MTe52	visual projection	ACH	42	35,991	27,851
MLt4	optic	ACH	90	30,023	33,189
LC20b	optic	GLUT	47	37,472	24,535
LT1d	visual projection	ACH	2	39,502	22,392
MTe51	visual projection	ACH	99	24,359	37,019
LC14b	optic	ACH	38	24,835	36,246
MeTu4a	visual projection	ACH	131	33,725	26,788
cM05	central	ACH	2	5,961	54,129
MTe01a	visual projection	GLUT	87	36,630	22,767
lLN2P_a	central	GLUT	13	43,045	15,493
lLN2X03	central	SER	6	30,444	27,872
R8	sensory	ACH	1,314	19,888	38,298
VCH	central	GABA	2	32,725	25,336
il3LN6	central	ACH	2	33,900	24,121
Sm20	optic	ACH	59	20,918	36,155
lLN2P_c	central	GABA	9	31,156	25,397
LT1b	visual projection	ACH	2	38,601	17,845
LT33	optic	GABA	2	32,168	23,290
LMt4	optic	GLUT	37	29,281	25,944
PFR	central	DA	30	40,580	14,486
cLP03a	central	GABA	24	18,625	35,807
LPi04	optic	GLUT	87	35,537	18,730
Li09	optic	GABA	52	35,999	18,081
LC28a	visual projection	ACH	45	30,946	23,055
cML01	central	GLUT	2	13,687	40,306
LPi12	optic	GABA	2	22,147	31,608
AOTU041	central	GABA	4	36,773	16,915
ER3d	central	GABA	47	26,383	27,002
LPT23	visual projection	ACH	6	28,853	24,169
lLN2T_c	central	SER	4	32,499	20,200
Sm31	optic	GABA	23	26,736	25,732
Li22	optic	GABA	17	35,377	17,079
LT1a	visual projection	ACH	2	38,101	14,197
LC31a	visual projection	ACH	35	32,653	19,560
Sm01	optic	ACH	272	26,236	25,657
PFL3	central	ACH	24	22,765	29,053
Dm11	optic	GLUT	131	15,309	36,498
Li14	optic	GABA	26	27,272	24,452
PVLP061	central	ACH	2	28,572	23,135
BM_Taste	sensory	ACH	72	11,639	39,600
EL	central	GABA	17	43,373	7,060
Pm13	optic	GABA	3	30,077	20,331
PVLP008	central	GLUT	29	29,832	20,161
DCH	central	GABA	2	28,904	20,837
LT11	visual projection	GABA	2	30,152	19,237
MLt2	optic	ACH	103	27,680	21,486
MBON09	central	GABA	4	35,219	13,744
MeTu3b	visual projection	ACH	85	29,424	18,998
MeTu4c	visual projection	ACH	93	19,610	28,771
AVLP076	central	GABA	2	31,334	17,040
Sm19	optic	ACH	55	17,645	30,421
LC33	visual projection	GLUT	29	23,975	23,826
Sm30	optic	GABA	26	20,770	26,874
DM1_lPN	central	ACH	2	14,323	33,058
ORN_DP1m	sensory	ACH	32	14,843	32,374
Sm22	optic	GLUT	48	27,524	19,244
PFNa	central	ACH	55	23,737	22,797
Dm16	optic	GABA	93	22,757	23,566
LHAD1g1	central	GABA	2	34,738	11,332
LC25	visual projection	GLUT	60	28,351	17,644
lLN2X04	central	GABA	4	23,319	22,496
MTe54	visual projection	ACH	56	30,852	14,956
AVLP538	central	DA	2	34,265	11,361
AVLP083	central	GABA	2	23,284	22,291
LT62	visual projection	ACH	2	30,487	14,967
AVLP001	central	GABA	2	20,783	24,408
ER4d	central	GABA	24	20,017	25,148
PFNd	central	ACH	40	17,310	27,635
PFNp	central	ACH	244	21,777	22,987
CB1231b	central	GABA	12	18,712	25,718
aMe17c	central	GABA	4	5,980	38,075
PFNm	central	ACH	83	22,392	21,537
lLN2T_e	central	SER	4	20,658	23,185
LT79	visual projection	ACH	2	27,327	16,439
Li03	optic	GABA	83	14,967	28,610
Sm05	optic	GABA	145	22,755	20,790
Sm36	optic	GABA	6	23,631	19,748
LT58	optic	GLUT	2	23,305	19,842
AVLP086	central	GABA	2	23,932	18,630
LPi02	optic	GLUT	89	22,818	19,616
LTe26	visual projection	ACH	2	22,410	19,912
FC2B	central	ACH	28	34,219	7,991
LT83	visual projection	ACH	2	26,482	15,633
AN_multi_28	ascending	GABA	2	773	41,315
LC40	visual projection	ACH	37	25,987	15,993
MeMe_e02	optic	GLUT	17	19,522	22,433
hDeltaA	central	ACH	12	27,250	14,465
PVLP007	central	GLUT	11	23,203	18,161
cLP02	central	GABA	91	11,878	29,353
H2	visual projection	ACH	2	33,379	7,618
PLP015	central	GABA	4	20,738	20,189
PVLP013	central	ACH	2	20,807	20,095
PVLP135	central	ACH	4	27,493	13,387
aMe4	central	ACH	14	11,218	29,530
Tm34	optic	GLUT	71	12,483	28,096
OA-AL2i2	central	OCT	4	11,933	28,497
Sm16	optic	GABA	68	17,107	23,210
MLt5	optic	ACH	68	19,529	20,420
v2LN30	central	GLUT	2	17,667	22,106
MTe08	visual projection	GLUT	12	16,576	23,104
LC24	visual projection	ACH	75	22,585	17,036
AOTU019	central	GABA	2	28,199	11,389
LC36	visual projection	ACH	35	22,223	17,243
PFGs	central	SER	28	32,868	6,321
DA1_lPN	central	ACH	15	12,651	26,175
CRE011	central	ACH	2	23,381	15,341
PEN_b(PEN2)	central	ACH	22	20,286	18,169
MLt6	optic	ACH	59	19,962	18,414
5-HTPLP01	central	GLUT	4	9,964	28,394
LT56	central	GLUT	2	17,563	20,726
VES041	central	GABA	2	21,794	16,253
AVLP532	central	DA	2	31,025	6,980
ExR1	central	ACH	4	29,420	8,090
Li25	optic	GABA	4	21,685	15,368
LT57	visual projection	ACH	22	22,040	14,956
LC19	visual projection	ACH	15	22,919	13,701
CL001	central	GLUT	2	22,638	13,943
DM4_adPN	central	ACH	2	10,447	26,058
CB0732	central	GABA	8	19,163	17,341
LTe64	visual projection	ACH	16	25,565	10,453
LB3	sensory	ACH	122	11,847	24,115
LC10e	visual projection	ACH	103	22,730	13,177
AVLP479	central	GABA	4	22,239	13,657
AOTU042	central	GABA	4	17,234	18,623
PLP163	central	ACH	2	18,204	17,285
DNa03	descending	ACH	2	26,319	9,165
DP1l_adPN	central	ACH	2	11,118	24,156
Li08	optic	GABA	44	10,580	24,583
Delta7	central	GLUT	42	7,953	27,102
MTe02	visual projection	ACH	75	20,471	14,564
lLN2X11	central	SER	4	15,211	19,821
Sm21	optic	ACH	41	15,927	18,979
FC3	central	ACH	46	14,769	20,127
AVLP544	central	GABA	2	16,500	18,324
CB1920	central	ACH	10	21,894	12,811
aMe5	visual projection	ACH	55	18,719	15,866
DL2v_adPN	central	ACH	8	13,322	21,248
PEN_a(PEN1)	central	ACH	20	18,110	16,359
DM2_lPN	central	ACH	4	10,259	23,999
cL04	central	ACH	4	8,306	25,780
LC20a	visual projection	ACH	46	19,804	14,146
lLN2T_d	central	GABA	4	12,721	21,177
PVLP106	central	GLUT	2	17,705	16,010
LC26	visual projection	ACH	57	16,879	16,798
Sm04	optic	GABA	152	22,010	11,573
MBON12	central	ACH	4	16,288	17,217
LC14a2	optic	ACH	23	14,662	18,832
cL22b	central	GABA	2	14,073	19,312
SMP108	central	ACH	2	19,150	14,163
Sm10	optic	GABA	80	11,282	22,020
oviIN	central	GABA	2	8,772	24,302
lLN2X05	central	SER	4	17,098	15,968
IB018	central	ACH	2	25,553	7,482
ER4m	central	GABA	11	12,530	20,489
DNa13	descending	ACH	4	31,709	1,252
hDeltaL	central	ACH	12	22,190	10,678
PVLP037	central	GABA	8	21,519	11,155
MBON05	central	ACH	2	24,255	8,377
OA-AL2i1	central	OCT	2	13,326	19,190
Sm03	optic	GLUT	174	19,031	13,467
LT61b	visual projection	ACH	2	20,351	12,124
ER3w	central	GABA	25	15,557	16,403
LHCENT3	central	GABA	2	14,178	17,724
VA2_adPN	central	ACH	2	8,630	22,966
cL18	central	GABA	6	15,026	16,559
MBON07	central	GLUT	4	26,218	5,297
DC1_adPN	central	ACH	2	8,736	22,648
LHCENT2	central	GABA	2	19,520	11,849
LHPV6q1	central	ACH	2	7,972	23,298
VC3_adPN	central	ACH	8	11,674	19,480
hDeltaH	central	ACH	8	18,387	12,737
SMP177	central	ACH	2	19,091	11,832

Hub neurons

The most connected individual cells.

Neuron	Type	Synapses
…979621	CT1	168,572
…908548	CT1	168,271
…547622	APL	128,435
…583001	APL	114,461
…497244	Li33	85,931
…612194	LPi15	85,752
…952755	Li33	84,583
…307026	Am1	68,561
…991862	LPi15	64,975
…975696	DPM	59,710
…008758	LPi13	59,541
…935673	Li32	55,963
…513222	Am1	53,890
…069501	Li32	52,836
…563310	Sm42	52,146

Read before you conclude

What this dataset and model can and cannot tell you.

Wiring, cell types and transmitters are measured or predicted from electron microscopy. Dynamics use the published leaky integrate and fire model of Shiu et al. (2024): identical neurons, weights proportional to synapse counts, sign from the predicted transmitter.
Transmitter identities are predictions. Glutamate is treated as inhibitory, as in the published model.
Too large for real time simulation in a browser; use the local runner.

Cite

FlyWire connectome v783, CC BY-NC 4.0 (flywire.ai/guidelines). Connectivity table via github.com/philshiu/Drosophila_brain_model, annotations via github.com/flyconnectome/flywire_annotations.

Dorkenwald, S. et al. (2024). Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain. Nature 634, 124-138.
Schlegel, P. et al. (2024). Whole-brain annotation and multi-connectome cell typing of Drosophila. Nature 634, 139-152.
Shiu, P. K. et al. (2024). A Drosophila computational brain model reveals sensorimotor processing. Nature 634, 210-219.
Eckstein, N. et al. (2024). Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 187, 2574-2594.