Fruit fly visuomotor circuit (FlyWire)

Visual projection neurons that detect looming and moving objects, the descending neurons that steer, stop, reverse and escape, and the strongest paths between them. Used for training experiments.

Real connectomeSubcircuit of FlyWire v783: inputs LC4, LPLC2, LPLC1, LC16; outputs DNa01, DNa02, DNa03, DNb05, DNa11, DNp01, MDN, DNp09, DNg13, DNp03; paths with at least 40 synapses per step

Stimulate and silence cells See it in an experiment

Every neuron of Fruit fly visuomotor circuit (FlyWire) at its measured position, seen from the front — Every neuron at its measured FlyWire position, seen from the front, coloured by class.

1,325

neurons

319

cell types

91,241

chemical pairs

gap junction pairs

590,700

synapses

Who talks to whom

Synapses between neuron classes. Cells show the share of the sending class's output.

Neuron classes

How the system divides its neurons.

optic34

visual projection755

central451

descending85

Transmitters

Green excites, blue inhibits, grey is modulatory or unknown in this model.

ACH1,057

GABA171

GLUT88

DA6

OCT3

Cell types

Sorted by total synapses. Use these names in the lab.

Cell type	Class	Transmitter	Neurons	Synapses in	Synapses out
LPLC2	visual projection	ACH	210	29,282	62,485
LPLC1	visual projection	ACH	140	28,583	36,308
LC4	visual projection	ACH	104	11,213	22,408
PVLP011	central	GABA	2	17,084	16,164
LC16	visual projection	ACH	151	12,515	20,495
LPLC4	visual projection	ACH	69	11,055	18,164
LT51	visual projection	GLUT	16	6,615	13,283
Li33	optic	GABA	2	1,415	15,917
PVLP151	central	ACH	4	6,651	6,556
LMa2	optic	GABA	16	3,372	9,625
DNa13	descending	ACH	4	11,099	596
DNa02	descending	ACH	2	10,223	417
DNa03	descending	ACH	2	6,119	3,954
Li24	optic	GABA	7	2,515	7,126
AVLP080	central	GABA	2	4,363	4,827
LAL074,LAL084	central	GLUT	4	6,049	2,961
PVLP122b	central	ACH	4	5,920	2,952
DNp35	descending	ACH	2	6,727	2,072
DNp103	descending	ACH	2	7,986	685
PVLP076	central	ACH	2	3,520	5,130
PVLP141	central	ACH	2	5,152	3,477
LHAD1g1	central	GABA	2	5,142	3,447
PLP060	central	GABA	2	2,599	5,787
DNp06	descending	ACH	2	7,843	427
PVLP069	central	ACH	2	6,918	1,311
PVLP015	central	GLUT	2	4,498	3,680
AVLP016	central	GLUT	1	4,441	3,667
LT82b	visual projection	ACH	4	3,239	4,702
PVLP010	central	GLUT	2	3,790	3,956
DNg97	descending	ACH	2	7,146	385
PVLP130	central	GABA	2	4,416	3,092
DNp04	descending	ACH	2	3,693	3,569
DNp01	descending	ACH	2	6,147	1,079
AOTU019	central	GABA	2	2,374	4,650
PLP018	central	GABA	4	2,058	4,943
DNb05	descending	ACH	2	6,423	472
Am1	optic	GABA	2	1,558	5,308
PS065	central	GABA	2	4,087	2,373
PVLP024	central	GABA	4	4,106	2,287
CB0677	central	GABA	2	4,426	1,302
DNa01	descending	ACH	2	5,557	116
PVLP137	central	ACH	2	3,255	2,379
LT61b	visual projection	ACH	2	3,486	2,127
LT83	visual projection	ACH	2	4,405	1,187
AVLP479	central	GABA	4	4,100	1,278
LC31b	visual projection	ACH	7	2,243	3,055
PVLP120	central	ACH	2	1,863	3,406
DNa11	descending	ACH	2	3,828	1,386
LAL018	central	ACH	2	3,640	1,541
CB0580	central	GABA	2	1,290	3,886
DNg40	descending	GLUT	2	4,147	1,029
PVLP007	central	GLUT	2	3,601	1,534
LTe20	visual projection	ACH	2	1,621	3,293
LAL040	central	GABA	2	1,531	3,378
LT82a	visual projection	ACH	2	2,086	2,809
PLP034	central	GLUT	2	2,548	2,277
CB0527	central	GABA	2	2,447	2,367
PS011	central	ACH	2	1,964	2,839
VES041	central	GABA	2	1,793	2,919
CB0529	central	ACH	2	3,681	968
PVLP022	central	GABA	2	3,530	1,043
DNp09	descending	ACH	2	3,593	967
LPi15	optic	GABA	2	2,469	1,937
AVLP258	central	ACH	2	2,438	1,940
DNp70	descending	ACH	2	2,771	1,597
PS049	central	GABA	2	1,658	2,697
PVLP150	central	ACH	2	1,985	2,328
LAL046	central	GABA	2	3,121	1,153
AVLP370a	central	ACH	2	1,706	2,539
LT62	visual projection	ACH	2	2,661	1,515
AVLP531	central	GABA	2	2,838	1,271
DNpe023	descending	ACH	2	1,929	2,156
AVLP340	central	ACH	2	2,176	1,904
PLP029	central	GLUT	2	3,054	1,022
CL286	central	ACH	2	1,811	2,200
PLP012	central	ACH	2	1,815	2,184
DNae005	descending	ACH	2	2,241	1,756
PLP163	central	ACH	2	1,326	2,633
DNae007	descending	ACH	2	1,847	2,106
LAL054	central	GLUT	2	1,597	2,339
PVLP019	central	GABA	2	1,648	2,221
Li32	optic	GABA	2	1,955	1,870
AVLP538	central	DA	2	2,859	947
PLP228	central	ACH	2	1,936	1,828
LAL010	central	ACH	2	1,150	2,606
PVLP093	central	GABA	2	1,262	2,492
PVLP008	central	GLUT	4	3,208	493
LAL081	central	ACH	2	1,439	2,262
DNp11	descending	ACH	2	3,021	667
LAL028, LAL029	central	ACH	10	1,757	1,929
LAL053	central	GLUT	2	1,116	2,566
MDN	descending	ACH	4	2,832	817
DNb01	descending	GLUT	2	2,162	1,465
CL322	central	ACH	2	930	2,690
PVLP004,PVLP005	central	GLUT	7	2,099	1,511
VES005	central	ACH	2	1,564	2,039
CB0563	central	GABA	2	520	3,059
CB0172	central	GABA	2	1,924	1,588
PVLP017	central	GABA	2	1,462	2,043
LC31c	visual projection	ACH	2	1,418	2,061
AVLP396	central	ACH	2	1,890	1,585
CL140	central	GABA	2	1,738	1,737
CB1688	central	ACH	5	1,348	2,052
CB3707	central	GABA	4	1,350	2,041
DNbe007	descending	ACH	2	2,457	900
PLP229	central	ACH	2	1,825	1,498
DNp03	descending	ACH	2	3,109	180
PS010	central	ACH	2	1,773	1,486
DNp05	descending	ACH	2	3,051	137
CB0543	central	GABA	2	1,333	1,782
CB1932	central	ACH	9	1,692	1,403
PS018b	central	ACH	2	1,797	1,285
PLP092	central	ACH	2	1,696	1,380
LT66	visual projection	ACH	2	1,221	1,826
CB0766	central	ACH	3	1,948	1,064
CB0021	central	GABA	2	452	2,541
LTe18	visual projection	ACH	2	1,381	1,607
PS100	central	GABA	2	2,471	504
LAL125,LAL108	central	GLUT	2	1,483	1,484
PVLP021	central	GABA	4	1,486	1,453
PVLP138	central	ACH	2	1,570	1,364
PS181	central	ACH	2	2,199	717
DNp71	descending	ACH	2	2,068	827
PS230,PLP242	central	ACH	4	931	1,963
AVLP442	central	ACH	1	1,100	1,786
PVLP020	central	GABA	2	998	1,869
CB0009	central	GABA	2	1,746	1,086
CB0556	central	GABA	2	1,647	1,175
LT79	visual projection	ACH	2	911	1,894
DNpe042	descending	ACH	2	1,977	824
cML01	central	GLUT	2	2,337	446
CB0431	central	ACH	2	1,158	1,598
VES007	central	ACH	2	876	1,839
DNge119	descending	GLUT	2	1,221	1,491
LT53,PLP098	visual projection	ACH	5	662	2,039
CB0626	central	GABA	2	797	1,868
DNpe022	descending	ACH	2	1,879	786
PS059	central	GLUT	2	1,624	1,040
CB0564	central	GLUT	2	1,316	1,337
AVLP429	central	ACH	2	1,491	1,150
CL248	central	GABA	2	820	1,762
cL16	central	DA	3	1,783	749
CB2458	central	ACH	3	1,218	1,306
LC31a	visual projection	ACH	6	683	1,835
LAL160,LAL161	central	ACH	2	824	1,685
PVLP114	central	ACH	2	1,412	1,085
AVLP280	central	ACH	1	702	1,758
CB0283	central	GABA	1	291	2,164
DNg13	descending	ACH	2	2,379	38
PVLP122a	central	ACH	1	1,267	1,133
CB1852	central	ACH	4	1,405	954
DNpe056	descending	ACH	2	1,628	709
OA-VUMa1	central	OCT	2	600	1,730
DNa06	descending	ACH	1	2,029	291
SAD013	central	GABA	2	941	1,335
PLP208	central	ACH	1	1,206	1,061
PS020	central	ACH	2	1,318	944
LT1b	visual projection	ACH	2	835	1,398
AVLP500	central	ACH	2	1,655	555
AOTU015a	central	ACH	4	829	1,352
VES046	central	GLUT	2	989	1,182
DNp02	descending	ACH	2	1,857	307
LAL026	central	ACH	4	1,059	1,039
PVLP062	central	ACH	2	767	1,284
AMMC-A1	central	ACH	3	1,650	396
DNge099	descending	GLUT	2	499	1,538
DNpe045	descending	ACH	1	1,481	547
CB3114	central	ACH	4	1,137	884
AVLP369	central	ACH	2	989	1,017
PS233	central	ACH	4	883	1,119
PS232	central	ACH	1	1,411	572
DNg74_a	descending	GABA	2	1,208	744
CB0757	central	GLUT	1	1,091	857
PVLP112b	central	GABA	3	1,430	482
PVLP074	central	ACH	2	1,199	691
Li31	optic	GABA	1	309	1,561
LT56	central	GLUT	1	1,370	480
CL038	central	GLUT	3	655	1,161
DNge046	descending	GABA	3	794	964
PVLP123c	central	ACH	2	1,064	694
PS203a	central	ACH	2	761	961
DNpe024	descending	ACH	2	891	827
DNp55	descending	ACH	2	1,483	228
PS088	central	GABA	2	612	1,064
PS013	central	ACH	1	1,021	647
PVLP128	central	ACH	3	1,008	657
DNbe003	descending	ACH	1	1,103	559
CB0013	central	GABA	2	767	885
WED125	central	ACH	3	752	897
SAD094	central	ACH	2	918	706
PVLP006	central	GLUT	3	877	710
AVLP430	central	ACH	2	1,065	519
LTe65	visual projection	ACH	5	484	1,079
CL333	central	ACH	1	809	732
PS058	central	ACH	2	574	963
PS018a	central	ACH	1	1,007	528
CB3705	central	ACH	2	743	773
CL323a	central	ACH	2	1,093	411
AVLP536	central	GLUT	2	991	512
AVLP151	central	ACH	1	953	546
DNp69	descending	ACH	1	1,277	198
OA-AL2b1	central	OCT	1	344	1,094
LAL016	central	ACH	1	283	1,149
PS057	central	GLUT	2	601	777
CB0625	central	GABA	1	629	729
AVLP189_b	central	ACH	4	610	729
CB0540	central	GABA	1	116	1,223
CB0655	central	ACH	1	491	837
CB1717	central	ACH	4	605	684
CB0010	central	GABA	2	690	595
AVLP502	central	ACH	1	223	1,050
LTe13	visual projection	ACH	2	170	1,057
CB3513b	central	GABA	2	675	547
AVLP591	central	ACH	1	251	942
CB2700	central	GABA	2	294	899
AOTU036	central	GABA	1	124	1,049
CB0079	central	GABA	2	709	456
PS029	central	ACH	2	699	465
VES064	central	GLUT	1	295	869
PVLP113	central	GABA	2	886	256
AVLP251	central	GABA	2	610	526
WED116	central	ACH	1	904	229
LCe06	visual projection	ACH	5	512	612
CB0508	central	ACH	1	234	875
CL128a	central	GABA	2	446	660
CB3513a	central	GABA	2	507	596
LAL025	central	ACH	2	594	499
DNpe025	descending	ACH	2	696	379
CB1958	central	GLUT	2	546	527
IB061	central	ACH	2	411	650
CB3983	central	ACH	4	427	627
CB2305	central	ACH	2	411	631
CB2281	central	ACH	1	481	514
LC33	visual projection	GLUT	1	119	867
VES071	central	ACH	1	434	547
CB0039	central	ACH	1	252	721
H1	optic	GABA	1	138	833
CB2127	central	ACH	3	703	267
CL092	central	ACH	1	219	751
AVLP202	central	GABA	2	643	293
PLP093	central	ACH	1	451	468
CB0200	central	GLUT	2	395	502
CL066	central	GABA	1	382	491
CL211	central	ACH	1	499	374
pC1d	central	ACH	2	394	449
AVLP187	central	ACH	3	358	479
DNge124	descending	ACH	1	640	186
PS001	central	GABA	1	360	455
AVLP477	central	ACH	1	439	367
AOTUv3B_P02	central	ACH	1	277	506
CB1986	central	ACH	2	315	451
CL316	central	GABA	1	487	279
CB2352	central	ACH	2	475	275
CB0433	central	GLUT	1	269	465
PLP075	central	GABA	2	266	432
PVLP028	central	GABA	1	304	389
PS090b	central	GABA	1	323	370
CL266_a	central	ACH	1	261	421
CB2659	central	ACH	1	351	324
IB068	central	ACH	1	152	514
LAL012	central	ACH	1	149	516
PVLP100	central	GABA	1	309	347
LT60	visual projection	ACH	1	393	260
CB1236	central	ACH	1	300	351
PVLP124	central	ACH	1	353	290
CB1883	central	ACH	1	171	466
CL336	central	ACH	1	321	315
CB1211	central	ACH	1	349	286
CB1734	central	ACH	1	402	228
PLP015	central	GABA	1	149	459
AVLP575	central	ACH	1	189	419
LT74	visual projection	GLUT	1	292	309
PLP173	central	GABA	1	294	307
CB0352	central	GABA	1	390	209
PLP223	central	ACH	1	375	221
PS022	central	ACH	1	403	189
CB3400	central	ACH	2	262	321
IB114	central	GABA	1	343	238
PS231	central	ACH	1	243	333
AVLP094	central	GABA	1	191	376
LAL027	central	ACH	1	243	324
CB3201	central	ACH	2	289	272
DNp43	descending	ACH	1	354	199
CB3978	central	GABA	1	80	465
PLP096	central	ACH	1	97	442
PVLP112a	central	GABA	1	396	140
AVLP286	central	ACH	1	157	378
CB0076	central	GABA	1	174	360
SAD044	central	ACH	1	101	425
CB3877	central	GABA	1	291	228
VES023	central	GABA	1	94	375
CB2428	central	ACH	1	233	220
CB2395b	central	ACH	1	280	141
LTe42a	visual projection	ACH	1	143	267
AVLP176_c	central	ACH	1	192	209
LTe76	visual projection	ACH	2	97	294
AVLP506	central	ACH	1	131	260
LAL186	central	ACH	1	210	176
LPT48_vCal3	visual projection	ACH	1	148	234
cM11	central	ACH	1	258	105
CB0282	central	ACH	1	275	84
WED015	central	GABA	1	189	146
LPT47_vCal2	visual projection	GLUT	1	48	275
CB0218	central	ACH	1	209	109
OA-ASM3	central	DA	1	168	138
CB2997	central	ACH	1	153	148
LMa1	optic	GLUT	1	201	88
WED029	central	GABA	1	75	193
SMP471	central	ACH	1	80	173
CB1426	central	ACH	1	119	133
LPT50	visual projection	GABA	1	86	158
CB0414	central	GABA	1	50	188
CB1119	central	ACH	1	156	74
VES004	central	ACH	1	47	171
PVLP133	central	ACH	1	153	56
LC9	visual projection	ACH	1	54	123
AOTU032,AOTU034	central	ACH	1	74	93
CB2371	central	ACH	1	90	77
LCe07	visual projection	ACH	1	106	48

Hub neurons

The most connected individual cells.

Neuron	Type	Synapses
…834211	PVLP011	17,001
…900713	PVLP011	16,247
…952755	Li33	8,679
…497244	Li33	8,653
…088288	AVLP016	8,108
…737708	DNa02	5,642
…085583	DNa03	5,274
…327659	DNa02	4,998
…545219	AVLP080	4,872
…918789	DNa03	4,799
…318533	PVLP069	4,798
…505006	DNp103	4,779
…723314	PVLP076	4,728
…818085	PVLP141	4,625
…644529	DNp06	4,600

Read before you conclude

What this dataset and model can and cannot tell you.

Wiring, cell types and transmitters are measured or predicted from electron microscopy. Dynamics use the published leaky integrate and fire model of Shiu et al. (2024): identical neurons, weights proportional to synapse counts, sign from the predicted transmitter.
Transmitter identities are predictions. Glutamate is treated as inhibitory, as in the published model.
A subcircuit: neurons outside it are absent, so inputs they would provide are missing.
Selection: all LC4, LPLC2, LPLC1, LC16 and DNa01, DNa02, DNa03, DNb05, DNa11, DNp01, MDN, DNp09, DNg13, DNp03 neurons, plus neurons on paths of one or two steps between them with at least 40 synapses per step. Every synapse among the selected neurons is kept.

Cite

FlyWire connectome v783, CC BY-NC 4.0 (flywire.ai/guidelines). Connectivity table via github.com/philshiu/Drosophila_brain_model, annotations via github.com/flyconnectome/flywire_annotations.

Dorkenwald, S. et al. (2024). Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain. Nature 634, 124-138.
Schlegel, P. et al. (2024). Whole-brain annotation and multi-connectome cell typing of Drosophila. Nature 634, 139-152.
Shiu, P. K. et al. (2024). A Drosophila computational brain model reveals sensorimotor processing. Nature 634, 210-219.
Eckstein, N. et al. (2024). Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 187, 2574-2594.