Fruit fly escape circuit (FlyWire)

The real looming escape pathway of the adult fly brain: 314 looming detectors (LC4, LPLC2), the Giant Fiber and the neurons between them, cut out of FlyWire with every measured synapse.

Real connectomeSubcircuit of FlyWire v783: inputs LC4, LPLC2; outputs DNp01, DNp02, DNp04, DNp06, DNp11; paths with at least 20 synapses per step

Stimulate and silence cells See it in an experiment

Every neuron of Fruit fly escape circuit (FlyWire) at its measured position, seen from the front — Every neuron at its measured FlyWire position, seen from the front, coloured by class.

1,067

neurons

302

cell types

84,219

chemical pairs

gap junction pairs

539,077

synapses

Who talks to whom

Synapses between neuron classes. Cells show the share of the sending class's output.

Neuron classes

How the system divides its neurons.

optic53

visual projection452

central506

descending39

ascending17

Transmitters

Green excites, blue inhibits, grey is modulatory or unknown in this model.

ACH781

GABA243

GLUT39

DA3

OCT1

Cell types

Sorted by total synapses. Use these names in the lab.

Cell type	Class	Transmitter	Neurons	Synapses in	Synapses out
LPLC2	visual projection	ACH	210	31,063	71,099
LC4	visual projection	ACH	104	16,533	26,003
PVLP011	central	GABA	2	14,178	13,752
AVLP016	central	GLUT	2	11,319	6,959
LPLC4	visual projection	ACH	59	10,243	7,181
DNp06	descending	ACH	2	15,271	594
PVLP151	central	ACH	4	7,535	8,113
DNp103	descending	ACH	2	12,584	580
LPi14	optic	GABA	4	2,109	10,822
Am1	optic	GABA	2	6,602	5,200
PVLP010	central	GLUT	2	5,799	6,001
LPi15	optic	GABA	2	6,534	4,939
PVLP122b	central	ACH	4	7,361	3,871
AVLP080	central	GABA	2	4,399	6,207
LHAD1g1	central	GABA	2	5,758	4,382
DNp01	descending	ACH	2	7,924	1,288
DNp04	descending	ACH	2	4,699	4,498
PVLP076	central	ACH	2	3,994	5,189
PVLP069	central	ACH	2	7,189	1,840
DNp35	descending	ACH	2	8,571	429
PVLP130	central	GABA	2	5,393	2,988
AVLP079	central	GABA	2	4,033	4,274
AMMC-A1	central	ACH	5	7,257	970
PVLP111	central	GABA	10	6,550	1,300
PVLP015	central	GLUT	2	4,816	2,985
cL21	central	GABA	4	5,447	2,234
PVLP120	central	ACH	2	2,694	4,623
WED072	central	ACH	6	2,301	4,927
PVLP024	central	GABA	4	4,575	2,651
LPLC1	visual projection	ACH	17	3,330	3,781
DNg40	descending	GLUT	2	5,390	1,695
PLP018	central	GABA	4	2,568	4,427
AVLP531	central	GABA	2	3,405	3,575
LMa2	optic	GABA	12	2,214	4,748
AVLP076	central	GABA	2	3,479	3,381
DNp70	descending	ACH	2	4,572	2,285
AVLP258	central	ACH	2	3,484	3,251
CL001	central	GLUT	1	3,913	2,776
AVLP479	central	GABA	4	4,192	2,450
Li33	optic	GABA	2	483	6,011
Li24	optic	GABA	8	1,962	4,505
LT61b	visual projection	ACH	2	2,941	3,273
LC14a1	optic	ACH	15	2,222	3,951
PVLP080b	central	GABA	5	3,006	3,108
LC31a	visual projection	ACH	12	2,078	3,992
PVLP093	central	GABA	2	1,727	4,319
AVLP442	central	ACH	2	1,574	4,134
PVLP022	central	GABA	2	3,873	1,717
PVLP122a	central	ACH	2	2,664	2,858
AVLP592	central	ACH	2	2,778	2,741
LTe20	visual projection	ACH	2	1,380	4,081
LT82b	visual projection	ACH	4	2,101	3,339
AVLP370a	central	ACH	2	2,649	2,657
LT66	visual projection	ACH	2	1,598	3,640
CL286	central	ACH	2	2,637	2,601
AVLP500	central	ACH	2	3,573	1,644
PVLP141	central	ACH	2	4,910	281
CL140	central	GABA	2	3,203	1,943
AVLP340	central	ACH	2	2,827	2,097
PVLP021	central	GABA	4	1,915	2,975
LC31b	visual projection	ACH	7	1,619	3,128
AVLP538	central	DA	2	3,431	1,316
WED116	central	ACH	2	4,142	576
AVLP396	central	ACH	2	2,962	1,706
AVLP259	central	ACH	4	3,880	744
PLP163	central	ACH	2	1,086	3,516
DNp11	descending	ACH	2	4,182	409
CB0563	central	GABA	2	876	3,654
Li31	optic	GABA	2	1,497	3,020
cL20	central	GABA	2	1,137	3,375
LT56	central	GLUT	2	3,663	693
PLP060	central	GABA	2	798	3,528
AVLP429	central	ACH	2	2,094	2,198
PVLP137	central	ACH	2	4,137	136
PVLP017	central	GABA	2	1,491	2,760
DNp02	descending	ACH	2	3,686	389
PVLP150	central	ACH	2	2,213	1,674
CL022	central	ACH	6	1,486	2,376
cL08	central	GABA	2	170	3,590
AVLP151	central	ACH	2	2,665	1,061
DCH	central	GABA	1	2,247	1,472
PVLP074	central	ACH	3	2,423	1,284
CB3707	central	GABA	4	1,198	2,459
CB0264	central	ACH	2	1,381	2,274
cML01	central	GLUT	2	3,073	576
PVLP013	central	ACH	1	1,764	1,879
DNp05	descending	ACH	2	3,468	90
PVLP019	central	GABA	2	1,818	1,716
Li32	optic	GABA	2	2,367	1,153
AN_AVLP_20	ascending	ACH	2	415	3,094
PVLP124	central	ACH	4	1,790	1,717
LT82a	visual projection	ACH	2	1,524	1,929
LT79	visual projection	ACH	2	1,093	2,330
AN_AVLP_PVLP_8	ascending	ACH	2	693	2,665
CB1236	central	ACH	5	1,418	1,873
CB2458	central	ACH	3	1,825	1,447
DNpe045	descending	ACH	2	3,145	92
MTe41	visual projection	GABA	2	54	3,148
DNpe042	descending	ACH	2	2,495	646
AVLP210	central	ACH	2	1,099	2,036
PLP017	central	GABA	3	325	2,767
AVLP083	central	GABA	1	808	2,282
SAD013	central	GABA	2	1,597	1,456
AN_AVLP_PVLP_9	ascending	ACH	2	497	2,455
H2	visual projection	ACH	1	2,514	393
AVLP488	central	GLUT	4	1,755	1,120
DNp09	descending	ACH	2	2,561	279
LT60	visual projection	ACH	2	1,887	933
AVLP001	central	GABA	1	1,183	1,629
CB2305	central	ACH	3	1,431	1,374
CB0766	central	ACH	3	1,679	1,125
CB2712	central	ACH	5	2,362	440
CB2330	central	ACH	4	1,247	1,541
PLP249	central	GABA	2	1,097	1,667
CB1498	central	ACH	4	2,273	490
CB2659	central	ACH	4	1,488	1,272
WED046	central	ACH	2	784	1,963
PVLP100	central	GABA	3	1,187	1,526
CL266_a	central	ACH	4	920	1,792
SAD072	central	GABA	2	196	2,500
AVLP085	central	GABA	2	375	2,321
LC31c	visual projection	ACH	2	910	1,758
AVLP435b	central	ACH	2	1,048	1,597
PVLP062	central	ACH	2	1,238	1,378
CB3466	central	ACH	4	1,308	1,307
CB0738	central	ACH	8	1,538	1,012
CL038	central	GLUT	4	858	1,663
SAD021_a	central	GABA	5	1,084	1,396
SAD053	central	ACH	2	271	2,164
LTe18	visual projection	ACH	2	964	1,458
DNpe056	descending	ACH	2	1,847	571
SAD049	central	ACH	4	897	1,511
AVLP082	central	GABA	2	728	1,663
CB2649	central	ACH	2	1,286	1,089
LT40	central	GABA	2	569	1,801
AVLP430	central	ACH	2	1,456	865
PVLP123a	central	ACH	4	1,239	1,043
PLP034	central	GLUT	2	1,545	730
PVLP028	central	GABA	3	861	1,395
AN_AVLP_PVLP_4	ascending	ACH	2	305	1,919
CB2940	central	ACH	2	722	1,484
CB3877	central	GABA	3	1,578	625
PVLP123c	central	ACH	2	1,306	891
AVLP451b	central	ACH	4	1,526	669
LPi12	optic	GABA	1	362	1,833
CB2917	central	ACH	2	1,996	177
CB2281	central	ACH	2	1,233	936
PLP029	central	GLUT	2	1,985	177
PS181	central	ACH	2	1,493	665
PVLP025	central	GABA	4	249	1,872
AVLP542	central	GABA	2	909	1,204
AN_AVLP_54	ascending	ACH	4	260	1,817
CB3114	central	ACH	4	1,346	729
DNp55	descending	ACH	2	1,713	334
AN_AVLP_PVLP_10	ascending	ACH	2	937	1,104
DNp03	descending	ACH	1	1,978	57
DNp71	descending	ACH	2	1,900	134
AVLP502	central	ACH	1	515	1,511
PVLP123b	central	ACH	2	1,212	803
CB1280	central	ACH	2	127	1,881
PVLP128	central	ACH	4	787	1,197
CL092	central	ACH	2	472	1,499
AVLP201	central	GABA	2	570	1,400
PVLP018	central	GABA	1	929	1,005
PLP093	central	ACH	2	753	1,173
CL323a	central	ACH	2	1,480	425
CB0956	central	ACH	3	570	1,292
AVLP086	central	GABA	1	717	1,144
LT83	visual projection	ACH	1	660	1,160
CB3513b	central	GABA	2	1,026	744
CB3513a	central	GABA	2	767	1,001
CB0924	central	ACH	3	874	827
VESa1_P02	central	GABA	2	572	1,125
CL323b	central	ACH	2	1,393	302
CB2591	central	ACH	2	1,500	170
PVLP070	central	ACH	2	769	876
AVLP451a	central	ACH	2	973	664
CB3201	central	ACH	3	893	718
DNpe021	descending	ACH	2	1,451	132
AVLP209	central	GABA	2	443	1,136
CB3922	central	GABA	3	833	739
CB2289	central	ACH	2	702	859
LTe13	visual projection	ACH	2	190	1,352
CB2664	central	ACH	3	286	1,239
CB3876	central	GABA	1	397	1,079
PS001	central	GABA	2	556	920
CB0010	central	GABA	2	516	949
LPi13	optic	GABA	1	295	1,169
AN_AVLP_GNG_1	ascending	ACH	2	125	1,334
CB3416	central	GABA	3	514	940
AVLP094	central	GABA	2	484	941
LTe65	visual projection	ACH	7	585	834
AVLP078	central	GLUT	1	964	455
DNge130	descending	ACH	2	535	878
CB3582	central	GABA	2	620	785
CL066	central	GABA	2	524	873
PVLP026	central	GABA	2	871	509
CB3911	central	GABA	1	368	977
CB3652	central	GABA	2	478	863
CB1314	central	GABA	4	462	816
CB2286	central	ACH	2	650	612
PVLP112a	central	GABA	2	887	373
CB0143	central	GLUT	1	625	617
OA-VUMa4	central	OCT	1	359	872
PVLP112b	central	GABA	3	846	376
CB3913	central	GABA	1	350	870
SAD014	central	GABA	4	305	907
PLP016	central	GABA	1	48	1,154
PS182	central	ACH	2	841	355
CB3882	central	GABA	1	654	530
AVLP451c	central	ACH	2	571	609
WED125	central	ACH	3	698	462
AVLP202	central	GABA	2	786	370
CB3682	central	ACH	2	195	956
AVLP339	central	ACH	1	604	532
CB1920	central	ACH	3	848	281
PLP223	central	ACH	2	821	287
SAD064	central	ACH	3	643	465
CB2316	central	ACH	2	515	592
CB3400	central	ACH	2	499	601
CB3544	central	GABA	2	694	402
DNpe025	descending	ACH	2	610	438
PVLP027	central	GABA	2	645	380
CB0056	central	ACH	2	760	264
SAD021_c	central	GABA	2	447	576
CB4161	central	GABA	1	408	606
unknown	central	GABA	3	511	497
LT51	visual projection	GLUT	3	669	322
CB0104	central	GABA	1	50	923
CB2386	central	ACH	2	392	578
CB0352	central	GABA	1	570	354
cL18	central	GABA	1	360	564
CB1378	central	ACH	2	604	278
SMP068	central	GLUT	3	155	696
CB1819	central	ACH	2	597	250
AVLP153	central	ACH	1	507	340
cM11	central	ACH	2	578	258
CB2660	central	ACH	1	446	380
AVLP038	central	ACH	2	216	591
CB0064	central	ACH	1	473	329
VS1	visual projection	ACH	1	546	251
cM19	central	GABA	1	27	763
CL053	central	ACH	1	510	256
PLP211	central	DA	1	299	465
LPT50	visual projection	GABA	2	459	289
AVLP040	central	ACH	1	327	421
CB1958	central	GLUT	2	488	259
PVLP139	central	ACH	1	400	338
SAD017	central	GABA	1	30	692
CB3878	central	GABA	1	240	468
CB2132	central	ACH	1	163	525
SAD023	central	GABA	2	324	350
CB2264	central	ACH	1	257	402
Li21	optic	GABA	1	287	370
CB3921	central	GABA	1	438	218
CB0397	central	GABA	2	377	278
CB0050	central	ACH	1	491	162
AVLP087	central	GLUT	1	385	268
AVLP093	central	GABA	1	163	488
CB1688	central	ACH	1	175	465
IB114	central	GABA	1	464	176
CB3450	central	ACH	1	299	334
CL128a	central	GABA	1	226	407
CB0307	central	GABA	1	382	239
LCe07	visual projection	ACH	1	243	363
CB2278	central	GABA	1	265	338
CB0414	central	GABA	2	176	415
CB1638	central	ACH	3	386	195
LPT48_vCal3	visual projection	ACH	2	314	206
PVLP012	central	ACH	1	220	283
CB1138	central	ACH	1	87	407
AN_AVLP_PVLP_5	ascending	ACH	1	110	372
CB3903	central	GABA	1	259	215
AVLP195	central	ACH	1	259	206
CB2853	central	GABA	1	233	232
CB1734	central	ACH	1	366	91
CB0659	central	ACH	2	310	142
CB3630	central	GLUT	1	142	293
CB3245	central	GABA	1	185	244
CB3277	central	ACH	1	215	214
CB3875	central	GABA	1	63	363
AVLP203	central	GABA	1	166	256
AVLP037,AVLP038	central	ACH	1	210	211
CB3491	central	GABA	1	162	248
CB2102	central	ACH	1	324	80
CB2057	central	ACH	1	148	245
CB3904	central	GABA	1	140	238
CB0115	central	GABA	1	164	195
CB2672	central	ACH	1	138	220
CB1538	central	GABA	1	128	221
CB2371	central	ACH	1	162	183
AVLP263	central	ACH	1	65	280
LC9	visual projection	ACH	1	130	199
cL09	central	GABA	1	46	269
CB2049	central	ACH	1	78	206
CB3024	central	GABA	1	62	200
CB0206	central	GLUT	1	143	107
CB1395	central	GABA	1	181	65
CB2164	central	ACH	1	108	129
WED127	central	ACH	1	101	125
SAD011,SAD019	central	GABA	1	47	120
LT33	optic	GABA	1	94	57

Hub neurons

The most connected individual cells.

Neuron	Type	Synapses
…834211	PVLP011	14,886
…900713	PVLP011	13,044
…088288	AVLP016	9,894
…783065	AVLP016	8,384
…644529	DNp06	8,263
…612194	LPi15	8,089
…673860	DNp06	7,602
…307026	Am1	7,582
…505006	DNp103	6,787
…469290	CL001	6,689
…932763	PVLP010	6,428
…781127	DNp103	6,377
…957173	PVLP010	5,372
…545219	AVLP080	5,361
…318533	PVLP069	5,246

Read before you conclude

What this dataset and model can and cannot tell you.

Wiring, cell types and transmitters are measured or predicted from electron microscopy. Dynamics use the published leaky integrate and fire model of Shiu et al. (2024): identical neurons, weights proportional to synapse counts, sign from the predicted transmitter.
Transmitter identities are predictions. Glutamate is treated as inhibitory, as in the published model.
A subcircuit: neurons outside it are absent, so inputs they would provide are missing.
Selection: all LC4, LPLC2 and DNp01, DNp02, DNp04, DNp06, DNp11 neurons, plus neurons on paths of one or two steps between them with at least 20 synapses per step. Every synapse among the selected neurons is kept.

Cite

FlyWire connectome v783, CC BY-NC 4.0 (flywire.ai/guidelines). Connectivity table via github.com/philshiu/Drosophila_brain_model, annotations via github.com/flyconnectome/flywire_annotations.

Dorkenwald, S. et al. (2024). Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain. Nature 634, 124-138.
Schlegel, P. et al. (2024). Whole-brain annotation and multi-connectome cell typing of Drosophila. Nature 634, 139-152.
Shiu, P. K. et al. (2024). A Drosophila computational brain model reveals sensorimotor processing. Nature 634, 210-219.
Eckstein, N. et al. (2024). Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 187, 2574-2594.